83% of those killed in Gaza are civilians, according to a classified Israeli military intelligence database uncovered by a joint investigation by The Guardian.
Of the approximately 53,000 casualties, only 8,900 have been identified as Hamas or Islamic Jihad fighters, meaning that only 17% of those killed were armed fighters.
Experts describe the civilian-to-combatant ratio as alarmingly high, a percentage rarely seen in modern conflicts, except in cases of grave atrocities such as the Rwandan genocide or the siege of Mariupol.
Israeli officials have disputed these findings, arguing that the figures "do not reflect the data available in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) systems," but have not specified which parts of the report they dispute.
