The global vitamin and mineral market is worth over $32.7 billion, with over 74% of Americans and two-thirds of Britons admitting to using them to improve their health. But studies paint a mixed picture: some find no clear benefits, while others warn of serious risks from “overdosing,” such as the increased risk of lung cancer from beta-carotene in smokers or the risk of brain hemorrhage from high doses of vitamin E.
However, there are exceptions. Vitamin D, important for bones and the immune system, is widely recommended during the winter months for those living in areas with little sunlight. Large studies, such as the “Vital” clinical trial, suggest that long-term use of vitamin D may reduce cancer deaths and reduce autoimmune diseases, although it has not shown clear benefits for preventing fractures.
The experts' conclusion: a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and nuts remains the best source of micronutrients, while supplements should be used with caution and only when there are proven deficiencies.
